《诊断学英文版》专业全套课件.ppt

《学前卫生学》全套课件.ppt

学前儿童卫生学,课程特点,实用性强;知识点零碎;综合性强:生理学营养学护理学心理学医学专业必修课,主要内容,第一章 绪论第二章 生理基础第三章 儿童营养第四章 预防常见病第五章 婴幼儿常见病及急救第六章 幼儿的心理卫生第七章 托幼园所的卫生,

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1、,Dyspnea,2023/1/7,Definition:Dyspnea is defined as an awareness of difficulty in breathing It is therefore a symptom,usually described by the patient as“short of breath,”whether the sensation is due to actual difficulty in breathing or is essentially an awareness of hyperventilation.If the symptom b

2、ecomes striking,it always companies with dilatation of nares,cyanosis,use of accessory muscles of respiration and abnormalities of respiratory rate,depth or rhythm.,2023/1/7,Respiratory diseases Circulatory diseases Poisoning Hematology Neuropsychogenic factors,Etiology,2023/1/7,Respiratory dyspnea,

3、Caused by abnormal ventilation and gas exchange,reduction in ventilatory capacity,hypercapnia and hypoxemia resulting from respiratory disease.Three clininal types:Inspiratory dyspnea Expiratory dyspnea Mixed dyspnea,2023/1/7,Inspiratory dyspnea,Tends to occur primarily when there is obstruction(suc

4、h as inflammation,edema,tumor and foreign body)in larynx,trachea and major bronchi.Characterized by the depression sigh,in which visible indrawing over the sternal notch,the supraclavioular spaces,the intercostal spaces and the epigastrium in the inspiration can be seen.Often accompanied by a coarse

5、,low pitched inspiratory wheezing and dry cough.,2023/1/7,Expiratory dyspnea,Expiratory dyspnea is due to the decrease of lung elasticity and spasm narrowing of the bronchioles and smaller bronchi as in emphysema,bronchial asthma and asthmatic bronchitis.Expiration is prolonged and laboured with whe

6、ezing.,2023/1/7,Mixed dyspnea,Occurs with the extensive lung disease,such as severe pneumonia,pulmonary fibrosis,massive atelectasis,pleural effusion and pneumothorax.Results in the decrease of ventilators and gas exchange capacity.Breathing is difficult during both inspiration and expiration.,2023/1/7,Cardiac dyspnea,Cardiac dyspnea is usually attributable to pulmonary vascular congestion resulting from the left and/or right heart failure.,2023/1/7,Cardiac dyspnea,In Left-sided heart failure,co