中考物理命题热点突破技巧方法九：浮力
中考物理命题热点突破技巧方法九：浮力,中考物理,热点命题,命题技巧,浮力,莲山课件.
铜川市2020年高三年级高考模拟试题
英语试题
第Ⅰ卷（选择题100分）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What lime did Fred leave this morning?
A. At 6:30. B. At 6:00. C. Before 6:00
2. What did the man use to do?
A. A cook. B. A teacher. C. A driver.
3. How does the man feel?
A. Disappointed. B. Sad. C. Surprised.
4. How does the man want to go?
A. By bus. B. On foot. C. By bike.
5. Where did the conversation happen?
A. In Toronto. B. In Singapore. C. In Los Angeles.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选 出最佳选项，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将 给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题.
6. When did the man plan to use the bike?
A. Yesterday. B. Today. C. The day after tomorrow.
7. Why didn’t Tom keep his words?
A. He wanted to sell the bike.
B. His parents wanted to use the bike.
C. He lent the bike to someone else.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Why does the boy have to wait?
A. His grandparents haven’t arrived.
B. His father is at work.
C. The dinner isn’t ready.
9. What is the boy’s dad doing?
A. Helping cook the dinner.
B Meeting the boy’s grandparents.
C. Visiting the World’s Exhibition.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What does the man want to do?
A To attend a lecture. B. To listen to a concert. C. To see a movie
11. What is the trouble with taking the bus?
A. The bus doesn’t go directly to the Music Building.
B. The bus goes slowly to the Music Building.
C. The bus will not come for a while.
12. What did the man decide to do finally?
A. To wait for the bus. B. To go there on foot. C. To consider another vehicle.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What happened to the woman?
A. She had an accident. B. She took a wrong taxi. C. She felt unwell.
14. What does the man advise the woman to do?
A. To stay still. B. To try to walk. C. To go straight home.
15. How could the man get there so fast?
A. He drove a police car there after getting the news of the accident.
B. Someone sent him there in a car after getting the radio call.
C. Someone reported the accident and he was right in the area.
16. Where does the man probably work?
A. In a police station. B. At a radio station. C. In a hospital.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is the speaker talking about?
A How paper influences people’s life.
B. How people used to keep records.
C. What materials paper is made from.
18. How did ancient Chinese keep records before writing was developed?
A. By putting a number of stones together.
B. By drawing pictures on animal bones.
C. By carving paintings on metal pots.
19. When were the examples of words carved on animal bones and metal pots found’
A. From the sixth century to the third BC.
B. From the sixteenth century to the third BC.
C. From the thirteenth century to the third BC,
20. What was the shortage of using bamboos to keep records?
A. It was expensive B. It couldn’t be kept long. C. It was heavy to carry.
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选岀最佳选项，并在答题纸 上将该选项涂黑。
A
What is body surfing?
Bodysurfing is related to riding on a wave with no help from aid tools such as a surfboard. That’s why it is called the “purest” form of surfing. In fact, it is one of very few extreme sports—free climbing and cliff diving are. others—that can be practiced using nothing but the human body.
How do you do it?
To catch a wave, swim to where the waves break and, as one approaches, start swimming towards the beach. You must try to travel at the same speed as the wave and, if you do it correctly, you will feel the wave lifting you and pushing you forwards. Then try and cut along the surface of the wave.
What do you need?
It is more enjoyable and safer if you use flippers (large flat rubber shoes). This is because they enable you to swim faster and surf along them more easily. A wetsuit is also advisable. Another aid is a handboard, a mini-surf board about the size of an iron, held in one hand to speed up along the wave. If you are lucky enough to be surfing in warm water, make sure you have your boardshorts at the ready.
Unofficial world championship
Bodysurfing is not a professional sport, but in Hawaii there is such a festival called the Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic each year. Local bodysurfers compete against athletes from places such as Australia, Brazil, Japan or France. Famous bodyboarder Mike Stewart has won the event no fewer than 12 times, and Kelly Slater, the greatest surfer in history, has also competed.
1. How does a bodysurfer surf while in the sea?
A. Only using the human body. B. Only relying on a surfboard.
C. Only following a wave. D. Only swimming along the beach.
2. Which can make you surf faster?
A. Flippers and a wetsuit. B. A wetsuit and a handboard.
C. A handboard and boardshorts. D. A handboard and Flippers.
3. What can we know about the Pipeline Body surfing Classic?
A. It is for local bodysurfers. B. It is held annually in Hawaii.
C. All famous bodysurfers favor it. D. Mike Stewart attends it every year.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项非专业的运动——人体冲浪。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段Bodysurfing is related to riding on a wave with no help from aid tools such as a surfboard.和that can be practiced using nothing but the human body.可知，人体冲浪是在没有冲浪板等辅助工具帮助的情况下在海浪上冲浪。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段It is more enjoyable and safer if you use flippers (large flat rubber shoes). 如果你使用脚蹼会更舒适、更安全，和Another aid is a handboard, a mini-surf board about the size of an iron, held in one hand to speed up along the wave. 一只手拿着冲浪板可以加速冲浪。故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Bodysurfing is not a professional sport, but in Hawaii there is such a festival called the Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic each year. 在夏威夷每年都会有一个名为管道人体冲浪经典的节日。故选B。
【点睛】文章内容较为简单，集中考查细节题，对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别。如小题1选择项中关键词句的Only using the human body，到文章找到关键词句using nothing but the human body.。所以我们考生要通过比较这些细微区别，仔细辨别才能得出答案。
B
Recently，as I watched my son Nathan play basketball for his high school team，I was starting to feel sorry for myself and for him．His team was facing adversity（逆境）on the court and he was playing in a hostile environment-it was the opponent’s home gym filled with their supporters，and Nathan’s team was trailing（落后）for three quarters of the game．As for me，I had been dismissed from my job earlier in the day．
During my drive home，I kept telling myself that I will find work again in a short time-I am confident in my experience and abilities．This is the same belief that I tried to instill in my son．
The basketball game entered the fourth quarter with Nathan’s team still trailing．I saw the determination on his，as well as his teammates’faces as they fought back to not only tie the game（平局），but then go ahead by three points．Then，a player from the other team made an unbelievable shot to tie the game up again．With a tie game and seconds on the clock，Nathan found himself with the ball and with skill and confidence，he proceeded to make the basket with a defender hanging all over him．The other player was called for a foul（犯规）．
As Nathan stood at the foul line preparing for a shot that would put his team up by three points，I saw the focus and determination on his face，there was no room for self doubt．Nathan was able to tune out all the distractions and nail the free throw with such skill，it was as if he had done it a thousand times．
As I sat there，my heart bursting with pride，it dawned on me．I had taught him perseverance in the face of adversity，and he had just taught me the same lesson．That brief moment of self-doubt and feeling sorry for myself was blown away by the actions of my son on the basketball court．He will play in the finals，but it doesn’t matter if he wins or loses，at this moment，we both won．
4. What did the author estimate his son’s team would be like at first？ ______
A. The team would lose at home court．
B. The team would finally win．
C. The team would win the championship．
D. The team would lose at visiting court．
5. Which of the following words can best describe the author？ ______
A. Self-doubting and pessimistic．
B. Self-confident and optimistic．
C. Hardworking and intelligent．
D. Easy-going and warmhearted．
6. What does the underlined phrase”tune out”in Paragraph 4 mean？ ______
A. Avoid B. Focus．
C. Create D. Receive．
7. Which of the following is the best title for the text？ ______
A. Life Goes Just Like Playing Basketball．
B. It Matters Whether to Win or Lose．
C. A Lesson in Life and Basketball．
D. Father And Son in Life．
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在观看儿子篮球比赛过程中，看到儿子球队在比赛临近尾声并处于劣势的情况下，依然满怀信心、坚持不懈，最后获得了胜利。这番情景让刚刚失业正处于沮丧不自信中的作者消除了自我怀疑，重新燃起了生活的斗志。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Recently, as I watched my son Nathan play basketball for his high school team, I was starting to feel sorry for myself and for him. His team was facing adversity on the court and he was playing in a hostile environment-it was the opponent’s home gym filled with their supporters, and Nathan’s team was trailing for three quarters of the game.（最近，当我看到我儿子Nathan为他的高中队打篮球时，我开始为自己和他感到难过。他的球队在球场上正面临着逆境，他在一个充满敌意的环境中打球，对手的主场体育馆里挤满了他们的支持者，Nathan的球队落后了3分比赛的四分之一。）”可知，一开始的时候，作者认为自己儿子所在的球队会失败，结合选项，故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“During my drive home, I kept telling myself that I will find work again in a short time-I am confident in my experience and abilities. This is the same belief that I tried to instill in my son.（在开车回家的路上，我一直告诉自己，我会在短时间内重新找到工作，我对自己的经验和能力充满信心，这和我试图灌输给儿子的信念是一样的。）”可知，作者对于自己是充满了信心，同时对生活也是积极乐观的态度。结合选项，故选B。
【6题详解】
词义猜测题。“and”前后为两个并列的短语，由短语“nail the free throw with such skill（用这样的技术把罚球钉住）”可知，Nathan能够把所有的分心都解除。故可推知划线单词意为：避免。A. Avoid避免；B. Focus集中注意力；C. Create创造；D. Receive接收。故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章内容，本文讲述了作者在观看儿子篮球比赛过程中，看到儿子球队在比赛临近尾声并处于劣势的情况下，依然满怀信心、坚持不懈，最后获得了胜利，这番情景让刚刚失业正处于沮丧不自信中的作者消除了自我怀疑，重新燃起了生活的斗志。所以选项C中的life与作者的生活状况呼应，其中的basketball与作者的孩子的比赛呼应，lesson与作者的体会呼应。故选C。
【点睛】主旨大意题是篇章阅读一个主要的考查方式，最佳标题题（best title）是其一个典型的考点，也是高考阅读中每年的必考题。主旨大意题解题技巧是不要被文章细节所干扰。一般有两种方式解题：一是看首尾段，根据首尾段内容总结主题思想；二是看每段段首句，根据所有段首句总结主题思想。例如本文中的第四题，这是一篇记叙文，根据文体特点可知，记叙文一般会在文章最后点名文章中心，所以由文章最后一段中的“That brief moment of self-doubt and feeling sorry for myself was blown away by the actions of my son on the basketball court. ”可知作者重新燃起了生活的斗志。且选项C中的life与basketball两个关键词都与故事情节紧密相关，故选C。
C
More People Are Leaving the Rat Race for the Simple Life
Time is more precious than money for an increasing number of people who are choosing to live more with less—and liking it.
Kay and Charles Giddens, two lawyers, sold their home to start a B&B hotel. Four years later, the couple dishes out banana pancake breakfast, cleans toilets and serves homemade chocolate chip cookies to guests in a B&B hotel surrounded by trees on a hill known for colorful sunsets.
“Do I miss the freeways? Do I miss the traffic? Do I miss the stress? No,” says Ms. Giddens, “This is a phenomenon that’s fairly widespread. A lot of people are reevaluating their lives and figuring out what they want to do. If their base is being damaged, what’s the payoff?”
Simple living ranges from cutting down on weeknight activities to sharing housing, living closer to work, avoiding shopping malls, borrowing books from the library instead of buying them, and taking a cut in pay to work at a more pleasurable job.
Vicki Robin, a writer, lives on a budget equal to a fifth of what she used to make. “You become conscious about where your money is going and how valuable it is,” Ms. Robin says, “You tend not to use things up. You cook at home rather than eat out…”
Janet Luhrs, a lawyer, quit her job after giving birth and leaving her daughter with a nanny for two weeks. “It was not the way I wanted to raise my kids,” she says, “Simplicity is not just about saving money; it’s about me sitting down every night with my kids to a candlelit dinner with classical music.”
Mrs. Luhrs now edits a magazine, Simple Living, which publishes tips on how to buy recycled furniture and shoes, organize potluck dinners instead of expensive receptions, and generally how to consume less.
“It’s not about poverty,” Mrs. Luhrs explains, “It’s about conscious living and creating the life you want. The less stuff you buy, the less money goes out of the door, and the less money you have to earn.”
8. Kay and Charles Giddens sold their home to ______.
A. pay off the debt
B. start a private hotel
C. cut down expenses
D. buy living necessities
9. Simple living includes ______.
A. building a home library
B. living in the countryside
C. enjoying a colorful night life
D. sharing housing with others
10. It can be learned from the passage that now Janet Luhrs ______.
A. spends more time with her kids
B. has an interest in classical music
C. works as a reporter of a magazine
D. helps people buy recycled clothes
11. How does the author develop the passage?
A. By using figures.
B. By asking questions.
C. By giving examples.
D. By making comparisons.
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. A 11. C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。越来越多的人摆脱激烈竞争的环境回归简单的生活。他们重新审视生活的价值，希望过上一种自己喜欢的生活。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的sold their home to start a B&B hotel可知，他们把房子卖掉是为了经营自己的酒店，故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的Simple living ranges from cutting down on weeknight activities to sharing housing可知，D选项sharing housing with others包含了simple living的内容，故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第六段中的It was not the way I wanted to raise my kids,” she says, “Simplicity is not just about saving money可知，Janet Luhrs不工作是因为想把更多的时间花在跟她的小孩子一起，故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。纵观全文，不难看出文章是用了几个人物的例子，如Kay and Charles Giddens夫妇，作家Vicki Robin等，来讲述Simple living的概念的，故选C。
D
The new garbage sorting regulation has taken effect in Shanghai starting from July 1. Many citizens are still confused about the classification of the four different types of trash. Thankfully, authorities have released an official guideline to explain the new rules.
The guideline, published by the Shanghai Greenery and Public Sanitation Bureau, provides a rather clear definition on the four kinds of waste: recyclable waste, harmful waste, household food waste and residual (剩余的) waste.
Harmful waste, as the name suggests, includes various poisonous materials like used batteries, light bulbs, out-of-date medicines, paint and pesticides.
Household food waste — which is translated to “wet trash” in Chinese — refers to food leftovers, rotten food, pet food, fruit peels, remains of TCM herbs (中药) and flowers.
Paper, plastic, glass, metal and textiles (纺织品) are counted as recyclable waste.
The definition of residual waste is a little confusing. Anything that is not listed above belongs to this category.
As specific as the new guideline is, residents still have a hard time sorting trash correctly and are finding it challenging to memorize them all. For instance, both plastic bottles and bubble tea or coffee cups are plastic materials. However, the former falls to the category of recyclable waste and the latter belongs to residual waste. To save the hassle, some netizens have come up with their own way to sort trash.
“We should do this from a pig’s angle,” commented one netizen. “Those edible (可食用的) for pigs are household food waste. Those even pigs don’t want to eat are residual waste. If a pig consumes something and dies of it, then something must be harmful waste. Those that can be sold and the money we gain can be used to purchase pigs are recyclable waste.”
The new regulation came into effect on July 1. Those who do not sort their trash properly will be fined RMB 200.
12. What do the old coats that you want to throw away belong to?
A. Harmful waste. B. Wet trash.
C. Recyclable waste. D. Residual waste.
13. What is the common point of “wet trash”？
A. They can be broken down easily. B. They all come from plants.
C. They all have bad smells. D. They all have poisonous materials.
14. What is the tone of the netizen like?
A. Serious. B. Humorous.
C. Delightful. D. Uncertain.
15. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The four sorts of garbage are forbidden in Shanghai.
B. Shanghai garbage sorting enforcement begins.
C. People are still confused about garbage sorting.
D. The netizens in Shanghai support the garbage sorting policy.
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. B 15. B
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了上海的垃圾分类指南以及相关规定出台后，人们对此作出的反应。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段Paper, plastic, glass, metal and textiles (纺织品) are counted as recyclable waste.可知纸、塑料、玻璃、金属和纺织品都是可回收的废物。纺织品属于可回收垃圾，而旧衣服属于纺织品，故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段Household food waste — which is translated to “wet trash” in Chinese — refers to food leftovers, rotten food, pet food, fruit peels, remains of TCM herbs (中药) and flowers.可知，家庭食物垃圾——在中文里被翻译成“湿垃圾”——指的是剩饭剩菜、腐烂的食物、宠物食品、果皮、中草药和鲜花的残留物。由此可知，“湿垃圾”的共同点是它们很容易分解。故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“We should do this from a pig’s angle,” commented one netizen.可知，一位网友评论道：“我们应该从猪的角度来做这件事。”由此可推知，该网民说从猪的角度来看，可见该网民是以一种幽默的语气来表达自己的观点的。故选B。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中The new garbage sorting regulation has taken effect in Shanghai starting from July 1.可知，新的垃圾分类规定已于7月1日起在上海生效。后文又介绍了上海的垃圾分类规定的出台及具体内容，如可回收垃圾、厨余垃圾、有害垃圾等的具体内容，以及人们对此的反应。故选B。
第二节（共5小题，每题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How Laughing at Yourself Makes You Attractive
Have you ever embarrassed yourself in public and got laughed at for it ?_____16_____And it’s okay—we should even have a laugh about them.
● Laughing at yourself means accepting who you really are. You may feel bad about yourself because of past misfortune. However, it’s normal to be imperfect. What’s important is that you should be honest with yourself about who you are._____17_____ You won’t be able to laugh at yourself without self-acceptance.
● Laughing at yourself helps increase your confidence. When you’re able to stay optimistic and laugh at yourself, you are likely to be more successful in life.___18___.More importantly, it helps you realize your own weaknesses, so you know which areas to do better in.
●_____19_____.Laughing at someone else may hurt their feelings even if you didn’t intend to, while laughing at yourself does not.—You might even bring a smile to their faces. People will like it, because it shows that you have the courage to do so and you’re being real about your imperfections.
___20___.So instead of blaming yourself, try to think of your mistakes, in a positive way and accept yourself just as you are. Learn to laugh at yourself and you will be more attractive.
A. Laughing at yourself makes you popular.
B. Accept yourself despite your imperfections.
C. You don’t need to take yourself seriously all the time.
D. Chances are that we all have these kinds of experiences.
E. Laughing at yourself changes an ideal image of yourself.
F. Just remember that humans all make mistakes.
G. This is because laughing at yourself contributes to your mental health.
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. G 19. A 20. F
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了自嘲让人变得有魅力的三个原因。
【16题详解】
根据上文Have you ever embarrassed yourself in public and got laughed at for it ?（你是否曾在公共场合让自己难堪并因此而被嘲笑?）可知，我们都有过在公共场合让自己难堪并因此而被嘲笑的经历。是对上句的回答。故D选项“我们都有这样的经历。”符合上下文语境。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据下文You won’t be able to laugh at yourself without self-acceptance.（没有自我接纳，你就无法自嘲。）中acceptance可对应到B选项中Accept yourself，故B选项“接受不完美的自己。”符合上下文语境。故选B。
【18题详解】
结合下文More importantly, it helps you realize your own weaknesses, so you know which areas to do better in.（更重要的是，它可以帮助你认识到自己的弱点，这样你就知道在哪些方面可以做得更好。）可知是在说明自嘲的好处是让人认识到自己的弱点，故G选项“这是因为自嘲有助于心理健康。”符合上下文语境。故选G。
【19题详解】
根据下文You might even bring a smile to their faces. People will like it, because it shows that you have the courage to do so and you’re being real about your imperfections.（你甚至可以给他们带来微笑。人们会喜欢它，因为它表明你有勇气这样做，你对自己的不完美是真实的。）可知人们喜欢自嘲的人，因此自嘲会让人变得更受欢迎。故A选项“自嘲会让你更受欢迎。”符合上下文语境。故选A。
【20题详解】
根据下文So instead of blaming yourself, try to think of your mistakes, in a positive way and accept yourself just as you are.（因此，与其责备自己，不如试着以积极的方式思考自己的错误，接受自己本来的样子。）可知人类都会有犯错的时候，与其责备自己，不如试着以积极的方式思考自己的错误，接受自己本来的样子。故F选项“只要记住人类都会犯错。”符合上下文语境。故选F。
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节完形填空（共20小题；每题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最 佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
In late January of 2018, Chicago experienced the coldest temperatures that the city has seen in decades.
A group of homeless people that live in an area called Tent City were left outside directly ____21____ to the deadly weather. 34-year-old Candice Payne, a managing broker (经纪人) from a local company, was ____22____ enough to have shelter from the dangerous conditions. ____23____, she couldn’t stop thinking about the homeless people in the area who had nowhere to go.
“It was 50℃ below, and I knew I had to take ____24____,” Payne told The New York Times. She started thinking of different ____25____ that could possibly work. Eventually, she ____26____ to see if there were any rooms available at ____27____ hotels that she could ____28____ for the night for the people ____29____ in the street. So without wasting any time, Payne got on the ____30____ and started calling hotels in the area.
“Finally, the Amber Inn was nice enough to ____31____ me to buy the rooms for the homeless,” Payne said. Without ____32____, she purchased 30 rooms for the night with her credit card. She ____33____ reached out to people on her Instagram account asking if anyone would like to ____34____ with either paying for more rooms or ____35____ the homeless people to the inn.
She got immediate ____36____ that surprised her. Strangers ____37____ their cars and S.U.V.s. They also ____38____, which helped Payne pay for a total of 60 rooms for five nights.
Payne’s ____39____ act made news across the country, however, she said, “I am a regular person. I ____40____ it with so many others’ help.”
21. A. exposed B. contributed C. used D. adjusted
22. A. old B. lucky C. proud D. strange
23. A. In short B. Therefore C. However D. For example
24. A. care B. shelters C. chances D. action
25. A. directions B. ways C. results D. areas
26. A. required B. promised C. decided D. agreed
27. A. unique B. comfortable C. local D. remote
28. A. rent B. purchase C. discover D. entered
29. A. found B. walking C. working D. stuck
30. A. phone B. bus C. glasses D. coat
31. A. persuade B. remind C. convince D. allow
32. A. preparation B. imagination C. hesitation D. permission
33. A. then B. still C. just D. again
34. A. pay off . B. help out C. speak out D. take off
35. A. transporting B. accompanying C. devoting D. inviting
36. A. rewards B. responses C. achievements D. benefits
37. A. sold B. repaired C. searched D. volunteered
38. A. presented B. performed C. repeated D. donated
39. A. selfless B. regular C. extra D. natural
40. A. reached B. understood C. made D. impressed
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. A 36. B 37. D 38. D 39. A 40. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。2018年1月下旬，芝加哥经历了几十年来最寒冷的天气，
中考物理命题热点突破技巧方法十：内能
中考物理命题热点突破技巧方法十：内能,中考物理,热点命题,命题技巧,内能,莲山课件.
坎迪斯佩恩尽自己的努力帮助了那些无家可归的人。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一群住在被称为帐篷城的地区无家可归的人被留在外面，直接暴露在致命的天气中。A. exposed暴露；B. contributed贡献；C. used使用；D. adjusted调整。短语be exposed to被暴露在……，在句中作状语。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：34岁的坎迪斯佩恩，一家本地公司的经纪人，有幸有躲避处而避免危险的状况。A. old年老的；B. lucky幸运；C. proud骄傲的；D. strange奇怪的。根据have shelter from the dangerous conditions.可知，她足够的幸运有躲避处避寒。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查副词及短语词义辨析。句意：然而，她无法停止想起该地区那些无家可归的人，他们无处可去。A. In short简而言之；B. Therefore因此；C. However然而；D. For example例如。根据前后句可知，这里为转折关系。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道我必须采取行动。A. care关心；B. shelters避难所；C. chances机会；D. action行动。短语take action采取行动。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她开始思考各种可行的方法。A. directions方向；B. ways方法；C. results结果；D. areas地区。根据下文她帮助这些人可知，这里指她思考帮助这些人的方法。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，她决定看看当地旅馆是否还有空房间。A. required要求；B. promised答应；C. decided决定；D. agreed同意。根据if there were any rooms available可知，她决定首先看看当地旅馆是否还有空房间。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，她决定看看当地旅馆是否还有空房间，A. unique独特的；B. comfortable舒服的；C. local当地的；D. remote遥远的。这里指本地的旅馆。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她可以为困在街上的人们购买旅馆房间过夜。A. rent租；B. purchase购买；C. discover发现；D. entered进入。这里指她购买当地旅馆的房间。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她可以为困在街上的人们购买旅馆房间过夜。A. found发现；B. walking行走；C. working工作；D. stuck困在。短语be stuck in困在，在句中作后置定语。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以佩恩没有浪费任何时间，开始打电话给当地的酒店。A. phone电话；B. bus公共汽车；C. glasses眼镜；D. coat外套。这里指她给当地酒店打电话。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，安布尔旅馆很好，允许我为无家可归的人买了房间。A. persuade劝服；B. remind 提醒；C. convince 使信服；D. allow允许。短语allow sb. to do允许某人做某事。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她毫不犹豫地用信用卡买了30个房间过夜。A. preparation 准备；B. imagination想象；C. hesitation犹豫；D. permission允许。短语 without hesitation毫不犹豫地。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，她在自己的Instagram账号上联系了一些人，询问是否有人愿意帮忙支付更多的房间费用。A. then然后；B. still仍然；C. just刚刚；D. again再次。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。然后，她在自己的Instagram账号上联系了一些人，询问是否有人愿意帮忙支付更多的房间费用。句意：A. pay off 还清；B. help out 帮助解决难题；C. speak out大声讲；D. take off起飞。根据上下文可知，这里询问是否有人能够帮助解决支付房间费用的难题。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：或者把这些无家可归的人送到酒店。A. transporting运送；B. accompanying陪伴；C. devoting致力于；D. inviting邀请。这里指帮忙把这些无家可归的人送到酒店。故选A。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她立即得到了令她吃惊的答复。A. rewards奖赏；B. responses回应；C. achievements成就；D. benefits利益。这里指她收到了在Instagram账号询问的答复。故选B。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：陌生人自愿提供他们的汽车和SUV。A. sold卖；B. repaired修理；C. searched寻找；D. volunteered自愿。根据上下文可知，这里都是自愿帮助那些无家可归的人。故选D。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们也捐赠，帮助佩恩支付总共60个房间住5晚的费用。A. presented呈现；B. performed表现；C. repeated重复；D. donated捐赠。根据which helped Payne pay for a total of 60 rooms for five nights.可知，这里除了自愿提供帮助，也有捐赠旅馆房间的。故选D。
【39题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：佩恩的无私行为成为全国新闻。A. selfless无私的；B. regular有规律的；C. extra额外的；D. natural自然的。从文章可知，佩恩行为是无私的。故选A
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我是一个普通人。在很多人的帮助下，我成功了。A. reached到达；B. understood理解；C. made制作；D. impressed影响。短语make it指做到，成功。故选C。
【点睛】本文是一篇记叙类的完形填空，难度中等偏易。文章逻辑性较强，只要读懂文章大意，基本能选出正确答案。考生做此完形填空时，要充分理解文章大意，特别注重语境的理解，前后句之间的联系，在语境中斟酌所选的答案。如小题18考查的是动词词义的辨析，我们需要根据which helped Payne pay for a total of 60 rooms for five nights.可知，自愿者帮助佩恩支付总共60个房间住5晚的费用。所以除了自愿提供帮助，也有捐赠旅馆房间的，从而根据语境选出正确的答案。
第三部分英语知识运用
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
With fewer than 2, 000 giant pandas left in the wild, the sighting of one of the lovely animals is a cause for ___41___ (celebrate). However, the one recently spotted walking through a bamboo forest in China’s Sichuan Province is even more so, ____42____ (consider) that it is the worlds first known all-white panda!
It ____43____ (spot) by an infrared (红外线的) camera set up to monitor the wildlife in the Wolong National Nature Reserve on May 25, 2019, ____44____ is also home to China’s first giant panda breeding and research center. Wolong officials estimate the panda, whose sex is hard ____45____ (determine) from the photo, is between one and two years old.
___46___ is generally believed that the giant pandas unique black and white coloring allows it to blend in with the snow during winter or to hide in the shade during summer. Some ____47____ (scientist) also believe the dark circles around the eyes help the panda bears recognize each other ____48____ (lucky) the lack of markings does not seem to have affected the all-white panda so far .
The researchers say albino (白化病) animals are rare in general, That’s because it can only happen if both parents carry the gene. With so few specimens of panda bears left ____49____ the world, the Possibility of that happening is almost next to impossible. Researchers believe if its offspring can be photographed, it will be ____50____ (value) for further research.
【答案】41. celebration
42. considering
43. was spotted
44. which 45. to determine
46. It 47. scientists
48. Luckily
49. in 50. valuable
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了最近在中国四川省竹林里发现了一只野生大熊猫。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：在野生大熊猫数量不到2000的情况下，看到一只这种可爱的动物是一件值得庆祝的事情。根据is a cause for可知此处要用名词，且celebration是不可数名词。故填celebration。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，最近在中国四川省竹林里看到的那只大熊猫更是如此，考虑到它是世界上已知的第一只纯白色大熊猫！此处要用现在分词作原因状语。故填considering。
【43题详解】
考查动词的时态和语态。句意：2019年5月25日，监控卧龙国家级自然保护区野生动物的红外摄像机发现了这只熊猫，这里也是中国首个大熊猫繁育和研究中心的所在地。根据on May 25, 2019可知时态是一般过去时，且主语是It，与spot之间是被动关系，因此要用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was spotted。
【44题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。句意：2019年5月25日，监控卧龙国家级自然保护区野生动物的红外摄像机发现了这只熊猫，这里也是中国首个大熊猫繁育和研究中心的所在地。分析句子成分可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是Wolong National Nature Reserve，指物，且非限制性定语从句缺少主语，因此要用关系代词which。故填which。
【45题详解】
考查不定式。句意：据卧龙官方估计，这只大熊猫的年龄在1到2岁之间，性别很难从照片上判断。根据is hard可知此处要用不定式，是主动表示被动的用法。故填to determine。
【46题详解】
考查代词。句意：人们普遍认为，大熊猫独特的黑色和白色的颜色使它能够在冬天融入雪中，或在夏天躲在阴凉处。根据is generally believed可知此处要用it作形式主语，真正的主语是that-从句。故填It。
【47题详解】
考查名词的复数形式。句意：一些科学家还认为，熊猫眼睛周围的黑眼圈有助于它们相互识别。根据Some可知此处要用名词的复数形式，且scientist是可数名词。故填scientists。
【48题详解】
考查副词。句意：幸运的是，到目前为止，记号的缺乏似乎并没有影响到这种全白的熊猫。此处要用副词，放在句首，修饰整个句子。故填Luckily。
【49题详解】
考查介词。句意：由于世界上现存的大熊猫标本如此之少，这种情况发生的可能性几乎是不可能的。固定短语in the world“在世界上”。故填in。
【50题详解】
考查形容词。句意：研究人员认为，如果它的后代能够被拍摄下来，将对进一步的研究有价值。根据will be可知此处要用形容词作表语。故填valuable。
【点睛】第5小题考查了be+形容词+to do的用法。在“be+形容词+to do”结构中，通常使用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
例1：The cake is easy to make这种蛋糕很容易做。
cake与make之间为逻辑上的被动关系，好像应使用 to be made形式，但事实上使用不定式的主动式。
例2：The apples are hard to reach苹果很难够到。
apples与reach之间为逻辑上的被动关系，但实际上用不定式的主动式。
第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节短文改错（共10小题，每小题I分，满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（╲）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
About how to keep healthy, I’d like to offer my advices. As we know, we teenagers are going through a rapid growth which needs to be support by a healthy and balanced diet. Thus, we need a variety of food but cut out the food rich in sugar or fat. However, we should take physical exercise regular. For example, we can play basketball or take walk after school. Have enough sleep is of great importance. Therefore, you should have at least eight hours of sleep every day and not stayed up too late. Only in this way that can we keep fit.
【答案】1advices→advice
2.support→supported
3.out→down
4.However→Besides/Moreover
5.regular→regularly
6.take后添加a
7.Have→Having
8.you→we
9.stayed→stay
10.去掉that
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。作者就如何保持健康提供了一些自己的建议。
【详解】1.考查名词。句意：关于如何保持健康，我想提供我的建议。advice为不可数名词，没有复数形式。故advices改为advice。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意：我们知道，我们青少年正在经历一个快速的增长，这需要一个健康和平衡的饮食支持。根据上文need to be done“需要被……”，可知应用过去分词。故support改为supported。
3.考查固定短语。句意：因此，我们需要各种各样的食物，但减少富含糖或脂肪的食物。短语cut out表示“切断”，结合句意此处表示“减少”应用短语cut down。故out改为down。
4.考查副词。句意：此外，我们应该经常锻炼身体。结合句意可知表示“此外，而且”应用连接副词besides或moreover。故However改为Besides/Moreover。
5.考查副词。句意同上。此处修饰动词take应用副词，故regular改为regularly。
6.考查冠词。句意：例如，放学后我们可以打篮球或散步。短语take a walk“散步”，故take后添加a。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意：有足够的睡眠是非常重要的。本句中缺少主语，需要动名词短语having enough sleep做主语，故Have改为Having。
8.考查代词。句意：因此，我们应该每天至少有8个小时的睡眠，不要熬夜太晚。结合句意可知表示“我们”应用代词we。故you改为we。
9.考查动词时态。句意同上。根据上文every day可知应用一般现在时，故stayed改为stay。
10.考查倒装句。句意：只有这样我们才能保持健康。本句为“only+状语/状语从句”位于句首时，句子 主语和谓语或主句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。故不需要that。故去掉that。
【点睛】当分词做状语的时候，如果构成分词的动词与句子的主语构成主动关系，就使用现在分词做状语；当二者构成被动关系，使用过去分词做状语。如果分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就使用分词的完成式。如果分词与句子的主语没有关系，可以使用状语从句或者独立主格结构。如第七小题，本句中缺少主语，需要动名词短语having enough sleep做主语，故Have改为Having。
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是李华，你校外教Mary回美国度假即将返回，给你发来e-mail，询问你希望她帮你从美国带什么礼物。请给她回复一封电子邮件。要点如下：
1.询问度假情况；
2.希望得到什么礼物；
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可适当増加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.文章开头结尾已给出，不计 入总词数。
Dear Mary
I am so glad to know that you are returning to China after the holidays in the USA
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mary,
I am so glad to know that you are returning to China after the holidays in the USA.
How is your holiday? You must have had great fun together with your family back in your motherland after working so long in China. I hope you can share your wonderful experiences with us afterwards.
It is very kind of you to offer to buy gifts for me I would quite appreciate it if you could buy me an English dictionary and several popular novels which/ that sell well in your country. I am sure they will help me improve my English. I will also prepare a gift for you in return.
Thanks again for your kindness. Looking forward to seeing you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件给外教Mary，询问她的度假情况以及回复你希望她帮你从美国带什么礼物。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
人称：第一、二人称；
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时；
结构：总-分-总法
要点：
1.询问度假情况；
2.希望得到什么礼物；
第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）
must have done；have fun；motherland；share with；offer；an English dictionary；novels；sell well；help sb. do；prepare；in return；kindness；look forward to等
第三步：连词成句
1. I am so glad to know that you are returning to China after the holidays in the USA.
2. You must have had great fun together with your family back in your motherland after working so long in China.
3. I hope you can share your wonderful experiences with us afterwards.
4. It is very kind of you to offer to buy gifts for me.
5. I would quite appreciate it if you could buy me an English dictionary and several popular novels which/ that sell well in your country.
6. I am sure they will help me improve my English.
7. I will also prepare a gift for you in return.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
so；after；afterwards；if；also；again；soon等
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多高分句型，如：I am so glad to know that you are returning to China after the holidays in the USA.使用了由that引导的宾语从句；You must have had great fun together with your family back in your motherland after working so long in China.使用了must have done表示对过去的肯定猜测；I hope you can share your wonderful experiences with us afterwards.使用了省略that的宾语从句；It is very kind of you to offer to buy gifts for me.使用了it作形式主语；I would quite appreciate it if you could buy me an English dictionary and several popular novels which/ that sell well in your country.使用了由if引导的条件句和由which/that引导的限制性定语从句等。还使用了一些固定短语，如：must have done；have fun；share with； help sb. do；in return；look forward to等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
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